Last year’s deadly attack on a U.S. diplomatic post in Benghazi is affecting U.S. policy in coup-wracked Egypt.
The assault in Libya was cited as a reason for closing some 20 American embassies and consulates this month in the face of an al-Qaida threat. And Benghazi is now playing heavily into the Obama administration’s deliberations on how to respond to the growing unrest in Egypt, the Arab world’s most populous country, according to officials.
The fear in Washington: that any significant cut in military aid could prompt Egypt’s ruling generals to scale back their protection of the U.S. Embassy in Cairo and other diplomatic properties. The administration doesn’t want to take any step that endangers American diplomatic personnel on the ground.
“We are concerned about our people,” Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said at a news conference Monday. “Protection of Americans in Egypt, not just only our diplomats but all Americans, is of the highest priority.
To respond to the escalating death toll and security crackdown, the administration is considering suspending some of the $250 million in annual U.S. economic aid for Egypt.
However, officials said Obama and his national security team are still reluctant to halt the $1.3 billion in yearly military assistance that has been more or less guaranteed since Egypt became the first Arab country to sign a peace treaty with Israel more than three decades ago. The U.S. could opt for more piecemeal moves like the decision to put off the delivery of four F-16 fighter jets and biennial, U.S.-Egyptian military exercises planned for next month, they said.
Hagel, who has spoken by telephone regularly with top Egyptian Gen. Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi, demanded that the government make the political process inclusive. But he conceded that the U.S. has limited influence over Egypt’s course and stressed that America’s longstanding relationship with the Egyptians would continue.
Protesters last September marched on the U.S. embassy compound in Cairo, scaled the walls and replaced the American flag with the black banner favored by Islamists before a belated response from the government of then-President Mohammed Morsi.
Yet since the army’s July overthrow of Morsi, and despite violence between Egyptian security forces and Morsi’s Islamist supporters that has killed almost 1,000 people in the last week, U.S. diplomatic facilities in the country have been well protected.
Despite the obvious power imbalance in the U.S.-Egypt relationship, Egypt in some ways has the greater leverage. Many Egyptian citizens and even some in the government deride America’s financial assistance as unnecessary interference. The reality, however, is Egypt would likely face even worse economic struggles were it to sacrifice such aid.
But it’s the Obama administration which is defending the aid. It has refused to declare Morsi’s ouster a “coup d’etat,” which would require the U.S. to suspend military and economic funds to Egypt. And President Barack Obama stressed last week that cutting off the assistance “was not in the national security interests” of the United States.
The U.S. has consistently outlined the important operations such money supports — from fighting al-Qaida in the heart of the Middle East and safeguarding the stability of the Suez Canal to halting weapons flow to the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip and ensuring Israel’s security.
The protection of American diplomatic assets has been another major, if up to now, unspoken element in U.S. policy considerations, officials said.
The administration doesn’t worry that cutting aid would spark an attack on U.S. interests by Egypt’s military-led interim authorities. But it does fear that an army already besieged by internal disorder from the deadly standoff in Cairo’s streets to the increasingly lawless Sinai Peninsula bordering Israel, could easily turn its cheek to threats against the United States.
Such a scenario would put Americans serving in an already dangerous environment in even greater peril, given Egypt’s history of embassy breaches.
Any attack targeting the U.S. overseas would be a political disaster for Obama, given the continued criticism over his administration’s handling of the Sept. 11 attack in Benghazi that killed U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans. Congressional investigations continue almost a year later, and the United States has yet to bring a single perpetrator to justice — even if the Justice Department has filed sealed charges against several individuals for alleged involvement in the attack.
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