The myth that people with dark skin are immune to melanoma, a type of skin cancer, has persisted for many years. It’s a dangerous misconception that has caused some people not to be diligent about protecting themselves against dangerous ultraviolet rays.
Dr. Dawn Davis, a Mayo Clinic dermatologist, said people with darker skin tones need to be vigilant about sun protection.
“Melanin is the protein component of the skin that gives our skin color,” Davis said.
Darker skin tones have more melanin. The pigment protects against sun damage and lowers the risk of skin cancer. Some people with dark complexions think melanin shields them from getting cancer, but Davis said that’s a myth.
“All patients, including patients who are skin of color, have a risk of melanoma. Children can also have melanoma,” Davis explained.
When melanoma develops in people of color, it’s often diagnosed at a later stage and is more aggressive. But that could be because skin cancer in people with darker skin may appear in unexposed areas — “under your armpits, in your genital area, under your nails, fingernails and toenails, and on the palms and soles,” Davis said.
Davis recommended everyone, including children, wear sunscreen and perform regular skin self-exams.
How to reduce the risk of melanoma
The longer you’re exposed to the sun, the greater the risk for developing skin cancer. Davis said there are several things people can do to protect their skin:
- Wear sunscreen of at least 30 SPF.
- Perform regular skin self-exams.
- See a health care professional for abnormal growths or warts.
- Wear protective clothing.
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