Georgia's remains among the top three states in the nation for personal bankruptcy filings, even as the state unemployment rate drops to all-time lows.
The state’s overall number of filings is down, but bankruptcy remains far more widespread in Georgia than it is on the national level. The most recent monthly rate from October stands at 4.43 per 1,000 people, behind only Alabama and Tennessee, according to American Bankruptcy Institute data from Epiq Systems, a legal services company.
Nationally, the rate is about 2.51.
Georgia’s rank is due to a mix of factors, experts said, including creditor-friendly state laws, weak consumer protections and the lagging financial fortunes of the nation’s middle class.
“Sure we have low unemployment, but wage growth has not really caught up with cost of living,” said Eric Breithaupt, an attorney at Atlanta’s Stites & Harbison and a member of the American Bankruptcy Institute, an association of bankruptcy professionals. “We got a lot of millennials coming out of mama’s basement, still not being able to find employment commensurate with their education.”
Georgia’s federal bankruptcy courts, which have enacted rules that make it easier for consumers to seek relief from crushing debts, also play a major role in the state’s high rates, said Georgia State University College of Law professor Jack Williams, an expert on bankruptcy.
“I would say they’re people friendly,” Williams said.
The courts move quickly on legitimate bankruptcy claims, while a ruling in the Northern District of Georgia, which includes metro Atlanta, makes it easier for consumers to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no money down. This helps those who may be so poor they cannot pay an attorney.
“People who really are broke and don’t have a penny to them often just fall off the financial grid,” Williams said.
Debt traps plentiful in Ga.
Also, weaknesses in the state’s consumer safety net create debt traps from which many Georgians cannot escape, said Berneta Haynes, Senior Director of Policy and Access at the consumer advocacy group Georgia Watch.
Georgia has the nation's third highest rate of those living without health insurance, according to 2018 figures from the U.S. Census Bureau, making medical debt a serious threat to financial livelihoods, Haynes said.
Rules that govern the state's thriving auto title pawn industry also allow consumers to go deep into debt on high-interest, short-term, small dollar loans, Haynes said. They and other installment loans can charge 300% interest and hold annual percentage rates as high as 60%, Georgia Watch research shows.
“What we have in Georgia is an ecosystem of consumer issues that really contribute to high bankruptcy rates,” Haynes said.
In addition, Georgia is among the roughly one third of states where banks foreclose on homes without going to court, Breithaupt said. Here, foreclosure can take a matter of weeks. In other states such as Florida, it can take double that or more and homeowners have the right to contest a foreclosure in court.
Wage garnishment can take as little as 14 days in Georgia, which is less time than in other states, said Breithaupt.
Under these conditions, bankruptcy may be the only choice for many families. Filing automatically halts these debt proceedings and makes them part of the bankruptcy, giving consumers room to find ways to hold on to their homes, cars or cash.
Bankruptcy’s stigma weakening
Cultural factors may also play a role in Georgia’s high bankruptcy rate.
Across the South, well-meaning debtors too often file for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, which sets up a plan for up to five years to pay off some or all of the debt. This is unlike Chapter 7, where you pay none of it.
Chapter 13 can lead to more financial trouble, Breithaupt said. In about 60% of these cases, the payments are too high for debtors to make. Many end up declaring bankruptcy again.
“It’s like putting money in a trash can and burning it if you can’t afford the payments,” Breithaupt said.
Yet more and more, consumers are realizing that being unable to pay overwhelming debts is no moral failing and are more willing to file for bankruptcy. This can be a good thing.
As tragic as bankruptcy can be, it can give families a fresh financial start, said Williams.
“They get to get out of debt— and get to try again,” he said.
The top 5: bankruptcy filings per capita
1. Alabama
2. Tennessee
3. Georgia
4. Mississippi
5. Nevada
Source: American Bankruptcy Institute, October 2019 statistics
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