Signs you may be having a heart attack
Men and women
- Chest pressure or pain that can extend to the left arm, jaw and/or back
- Shortness of breath with exertion
- Nausea
- Sudden sweating
- Jaw pain
Warning signs for women (in addition to above)
- Significant fatigue, disproportionate to the activity level you are engaged in
- Obvious decrease in functional capacity, i.e. you aren't able to do the things you used to
- Lightheadedness and weakness
Source: Dr. Chuck Ballard of Piedmont Heart Institute
Sarah Batts minded her diet. She exercised regularly. She made sure her waistline never exceeded 35 inches.
She was, in her own estimation, a health nut, and she had reason to be. Both her father and an older sister, who at age 50 had stents placed in her heart, had suffered heart attacks.
And yet, Batts, 41, said she always thought of heart disease “as my father’s disease. I didn’t think of it as a young woman’s disease.”
In fact, mere mention of a “heart attack” conjures up images of pudgy, middle-aged men clutching their chest. Yet cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of women over age 25.
And while chest pain is considered the hallmark symptom of myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, women don’t always experience that type of pain and so are more likely to die of a heart attack than men, said Dr. Chuck Ballard, an interventional cardiologist with Piedmont Heart Institute.
For instance, in 2008 alone, the last year for which statistics are available, Ballard said that more than 10 times the number of females — 420,000 compared with 40,000 — died from cardiovascular disease than from breast cancer. That same year, 392,210 men died from cardiovascular disease.
“Though no one wants to downplay how serious breast cancer is, in real incidences heart disease is by far more common,” Ballard said. “It kills more women than all forms of cancer combined. One in two women die of heart disease, whereas one in nine die of breast cancer.”
Just days after the July Fourth holiday, Batts found herself in a fetal position on the floor of her Morningside living room with excruciating jaw pain, pain she had been ignoring for weeks because she associated the symptom with running.
Even when Batts, director of development for Piedmont Healthcare Foundation, finally went to the hospital emergency room, it was only because a friend insisted, she said recently.
She was in Piedmont Atlanta Hospital’s cardiac observation area for heart pain when she had a heart attack.
“That’s what really saved her,” said Ballard, who treated Batts. “Her artery was open within an hour of her heart attack.”
Know the risk factors
When Batts arrived at the emergency room, her blood pressure and EKG were normal. Her cholesterol was in a good range and so was her weight.
“I wanted to go home, but the doctors insisted I stay,” she recalled recently. “They were monitoring me when they realized that I was having a heart attack.”
Doctors were able to see her coronary (heart) arteries with a dye they injected into her bloodstream. Her right coronary artery was 99 percent blocked.
According to Ballard, “You could have all your heart arteries 80 percent blocked and have a normal EKG until a heart attack occurs.”
Batts clearly had. In fact, he said, one in three female adults have some form of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, stroke and coronary artery disease.
The reason?
Cigarette smoking and an epidemic of obesity, which increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes, a major factor in heart disease — all of which appear to be more significant in the southeastern United States.
Batts didn’t fit in either category, but Ballard said, “If we look at the numbers, 59.3 percent of white women over the age of 20 are overweight and obese; 70 percent of black women are in the same category.”
While doctors are seeing a rising trend among younger women such as Batts, Ballard said that genetics is clearly the strongest single risk factor for both men and women. Complications during pregnancy such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and collagen vascular disease (rheumatoid arthritis, for example) are also important risk factors in a woman’s personal history.
Given the vagaries and challenges of diagnosis, he said, it is crucial for women to pay attention to their own bodies and be aware of heart attack symptoms, including chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath and fatigue.
“Those should be loud alarm bells,” Ballard said.
‘A silent disease’
During a break from work recently, Batts talked about how the heart attack changed her life, and how she hopes other women benefit from her experience.
She credits the coordinated care she received — from Ballard, a nurse practitioner and a nutritionist — with saving her life and keeping her on the straight and narrow.
“I am surrounded by a team of people dedicated to making me do a lifestyle shift,” she said.
Batts said it is important for women to listen to their bodies and know their blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride levels because being young doesn’t exempt them from having a heart attack.
“This is a silent disease. It is not a disease that you can see,” she said. “It takes out a lot of women. It takes out young women, and we don’t present in the normal way. It’s not always the giant elephant on the chest.”
Just months after her attack on July 7, Batts has returned to work full time, as well as volunteering in the community and doing the thing she is passionate about.
A week ago, she said she went for her first run in the cardiac rehabilitation center.
“It was the best feeling in the world,” she said. “I just wanted to shout with joy when I finished. Not everybody gets a second chance. I did.”
