It’s not always the potato chips’ or the salt shaker’s fault. Most Americans get the bulk of their daily salt overload from everyday foods loaded with excess sodium.
A new report from the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association warns of surprisingly high sodium levels in the “salty six” common foods, including bread, cold cuts, pizza, and chicken.
Researchers say the average American takes in about 3,400 milligrams (mg) of sodium a day, more than twice the AHA's recommended limit of 1,500 mg.
But little of that excess salt comes from the salt shaker. Experts say more than 75% of people’s salt comes from eating processed or restaurant foods.
“Excess sodium in our diets has less to do with what we’re adding to our food and more to do with what’s already in the food,” says Linda Van Horn, PhD, RD, a research nutritionist at Northwestern University and an American Heart Association spokeswoman.
Eating too much salt contributes to a variety of health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. It can also affect a person’s physical appearance, causing puffiness, swelling, and bags under the eyes.
Hidden Salt in ‘Salty Six’
In conjunction with today’s National Healthy Eating Day, the AHA is highlighting the dangers of high sodium levels in common foods.
Researchers say the following “salty six” foods are the top sources for sodium in today’s diets:
1. Bread and rolls - One piece of bread can have as much as 230 mg of sodium. That’s 15% of the recommended daily amount. Although each serving may not sound like much, it can quickly add up throughout the day, with toast at breakfast, a sandwich at lunch, and a roll at dinner, etc.
2. Cold cuts and cured meats - Deli or pre-packaged turkey can have as much as 1,050 mg of sodium. It’s added to most cooked and processed meats to reduce spoilage.
3. Pizza - One slice can have up to 760 mg of sodium. That means two slices accounts for a day’s worth of salt.
4. Poultry - Packaged raw chicken often contains an added salt solution. Depending on how it’s prepared the sodium level can quickly add up. Just 3 ounces of frozen and breaded chicken nuggets contains about 600 mg of sodium.
5. Soup - This cold-weather staple can contain a day’s worth of sodium in a single bowl. One cup of canned chicken soup can have up to 940 mg of sodium.
6. Sandwiches - Breads and cured meats are already high in salt, and putting them together with salty condiments like ketchup and mustard can add up to more than 1,500 mg of sodium in a single sandwich.
How Much Is Too Much?
The heart association’s view on salt is not without controversy.
It’s lower than the USDA limit of 2,300 mg of sodium per day for healthy adults. The USDA does call for the lower level of 1,500 mg for African-Americans, people who are older than age 51, and people who have high blood pressure.
In a paper published last week, the association defended its call for all Americans to drastically cut back on sodium to 1,500 milligrams, saying recent studies linking lower sodium diets to poor health have serious flaws.
Morton Satin, vice president for science and research at the Salt Institute, an industry group, disagrees with that view. He says the AHA review represents “spinning of evidence by committed advocates.”
“The authors …. have banded together for the express purpose of maligning any and all evidence that does not support the conventional salt reduction agenda,” Satin says.
But Marion Nestle, PhD, professor of nutrition, food studies, and public health at New York University, says consumers shouldn’t be confused about sodium.
“The AHA paper is an example of the mainstream scientific view: Reducing salt intake is an important public health measure. Most salt comes from processed foods; reducing salt in processed -- and restaurant -- foods is a good idea,” Nestle says.
How to Keep Salt in Check
Here are some tips to avoid salt overload:
- Keep the "salty six" in mind when grocery shopping or ordering from a menu. Try having half a sandwich with a side salad rather than a whole sandwich, or limiting the cheese and adding extra veggies to pizzas.
- Look for sodium levels in the nutrition facts label when grocery shopping, and calorie labeling information in restaurants.
- Keep in mind that packaged foods like canned soup often contain more than one serving. Nutrition information like sodium content is based only one serving, so adjust accordingly.
- Look for heart-healthy foods approved by the AHA labeled with a red heart and white checkmark.
Brenda Goodman contributed to this report.
SOURCES: News release, American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Marion Nestle, PhD, professor of nutrition, food studies and public health, New York University.Whelton, PK. Circulation. Nov. 2, 2012.
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