“Our high school graduation rate is the highest on record.”
President Barack Obama during a speech March 20 in Orlando, Fla.
During his 2011 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama warned that the American education system was putting millions of students at a disadvantage in the 21st century job market.
“Over the next 10 years, nearly half of all new jobs will require education that goes beyond a high school degree. And yet, as many as a quarter of our students aren’t even finishing high school.”
But recently, a politician claimed the school system was on a roll.
“Our high school graduation rate is the highest on record. Absolutely,” the politician said in a speech. “More young people are earning college degrees than ever before.”
So who had the nerve to test the president’s assessment of the U.S. education system?
Barack Obama.
Yup, just three years after Obama used the high school graduation rate as a call to action, he’s now using it to proclaim the achievements of his administration.
We gave Obama a Mostly True in 2011 when he claimed up to 25 percent of Americans drop out of high school. So how does his current statement, that the graduation rate is at a record high, stack up?
Counting diplomas
Tracking the number of Americans earning a high school diploma seems like a simple task, but it has proved to be a tough stat to track.
States and local school districts for years used various methods to determine the percentage of students who graduate from high school. As a result, any national figure was just a rough estimate.
“It does seem like dropout rates should be easily and unambiguously measured, but for a million reasons they’re not,” said David Bills, a professor at the University of Iowa College of Education.
“Until recently many schools have been pretty casual about record keeping,” he said. “At what point is a kid a dropout? When he doesn’t show up for a month? A semester? What if he moves to a different city and enrolls there and nobody tells the original school? Or a kid drops out at 15 and gets a GED at 19? All of these little things can turn out to be pretty significant.”
The U.S. Education Department has moved to standardize how student progress is tracked through a statistic called the Average Freshman Graduation Rate. It’s an estimate of the number of high school students who graduate on time in four years, and it’s used by looking at enrollment data from year to year.
But the shift toward a national standard is very recent. In March 2013, the Education Department announced that the data released for the 2010-11 school year was the first in which all states used this method.
That would make comparing subsequent graduation rates to data collected before 2010-11 a bit like apples and oranges. The department even acknowledges that.
“While the new measure is not comparable to previously reported rates, it provides a more accurate snapshot of high school graduation and can inform schools’ efforts to improve going forward,” it wrote in a press release.
Even year-to-year comparisons before 2010 were difficult because so many schools counted dropouts differently. Maine in 2007 and 2008, for example, counted students who graduated from private schools with publicly funded tuition in their state tallies. The statistic mostly measures public school students.
“Basically, the feds have thrown their hands up in the air and said, ‘Let’s get it right from here on, and not worry about stuff in the past that we can’t fix,’ ” Bills said.
What the numbers say
Nevertheless, experts still think graduation rates are improving and they point to a number of markers.
The White House sent us toward numbers from the National Center for Education Statistics at the Education Department, which put the graduation rate at 81 percent in 2011-12. The previous high was in 1969-70, when the graduation rate was 78.7 percent.
Again, comparing stats collected in 2012 vs. 1970 isn’t apples to apples, but it does show trend lines, said Jim Hull, a senior policy analyst at the Center for Public Education.
“These are really just estimates, but you can get an accurate description of what’s going on,” Hull said. “It might not be 80 percent are graduating, but we know the trend is definitely going up, and it’s a lot more than in the 1990s.”
Other methods for calculating graduation rates exist, and not all of them say recent years are the highest on record.
Editorial Projects in Education, the publisher of Education Week, put the graduation rate at 74.7 percent in 2009-10.
“That’s pretty good, by historical benchmarks, and the rate has been moving up in recent years,” said Christopher Swanson, vice president of research and development.
But at 77.1 percent, 1969 remains the watermark in its calculations, he said.
Despite differences in methodology and problems collecting consistent data, there is general agreement that high school diplomas are on the rise.
“All of (the measurements) show the same general trend toward a higher proportion of kids finishing high school,” Bills said.
Our ruling
Obama said, “Our high school graduation rate is the highest on record.” On paper, it’s an accurate claim using the federal government’s metric, but by the Education Department’s own admission, the new measure of calculating graduation rates “is not comparable to previously reported rates.” Still, the general sense in the education industry is that rates are on the rise and considerably higher than 20 or even 10 years ago.
The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it Half True.
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