By the side of the road, Mike Hooker hunches over his tailgate, rifling through plastic tubs filled with an assortment of weights, pliers, wipes, clippers and eye ointment.
As cars whiz behind him on U.S. 29, he shoves clinking glass vials of anesthetic into his pockets and loads a syringe. Then Hooker, a wiry, slightly grizzled University of Georgia graduate student, fires pink-tipped darts into a target.
Hooker is ready to sneak up on someone. Or rather, something.
He’s one of three researchers making their first visit to a black bear’s den. It’s the middle of March, and UGA graduate students are starting a new phase of their three-year study of the Middle Georgia bear population and its movements.
But Hooker was the one who would walk in alone and dart a mother bear with cubs.
“More often than not (the mother bears are) just going to stay put,” says Hooker, who has done this in other parts of the country. “They’re going to be up showing some signs of agitation, popping their jaws, maybe huffing.”
Nearby, researchers Casey Gray and Josh Sylvest huddle in the cold. Having bunked in Oaky Woods Wildlife Management Area the night before, they joke about Josh’s snoring.
They call each other by their first names. Hooker, who has already handled bears for 20 years, is never called anything but Hooker.
Weeks earlier, Hooker and Casey had scouted the dens of female bears that had been fitted with radio collars last year. Six of the 16 had cubs, but researchers don’t yet know how many. They are trying to check a small female and what might be her first litter.
“How many darts you taking?” Josh asks Hooker.
“Two,” Hooker says.
Josh stares at him.
“You’re optimistic,” he finally says.
Hooker shrugs and pats his pockets before he tromps off into the woods.
Then there’s nothing but the sound of wind and waiting.
After about 15 minutes, Hooker texts that he had darted the mother bear.
But then an hour passes. Hooker hasn’t returned.
This den research is just part of a broad study funded through the Georgia departments of Transportation and Natural Resources. It was prompted by several potential threats: The widening of Ga. 96 through the heart of the bears’ territory, and the number of bears killed during the last two hunting seasons.
During Middle Georgia’s first open season on bears in 2011, 32 bears were killed, half of them female. That was believed to be about 10 percent of the entire bear population. Fourteen more bears were harvested last year.
To figure out whether the bear population can withstand these pressures, researchers need to know more about how many cubs are born each year and how many survive.
That’s the story the dens can tell. Casey is mapping the dens and recording the surroundings bears prefer. Middle Georgia bears don’t have the luxury of caves or big, hollow trees. So they make their dens on the ground.
This mother bear had holed up in a briar patch that sprouted after a clear-cut. The briars seem to have caught Hooker.
Finally he comes striding back, muttering, “She did not want to go down.”
Hooker had shot the bear twice, from just eight feet away.
“The second one I thought was a good injection, and I thought she was out,” Hooker said. “And I actually reached up and went to pull one of the darts out of her, and she sat up. And there we were. And so that’s when I hand-injected her with the rest of the drug.”
Now everyone hurtles into overdrive, packing supplies into a bag: GPS collars, leather spacers, a receiver, a fleece to wrap the cubs in.
The mother lies quietly, a white cloth protecting her eyes. The two cubs cuddled against her are the size of puppies — but with big claws.
They must be moved so Hooker can check the mother’s vital signs.
Casey wraps the cubs in a fleece, but they keep trying to crawl off.
“Put them in your jacket,” Hooker tells Casey. “And Casey: Don’t name them!”
Giving animals human characteristics — or names — is a no-no among scientists.
“I’m not!” Casey protests. Then, just to get under Hooker’s skin, she tells the cubs, “You’re Casey Junior, and you’re Casey II” as she carefully zips them into her coat.
Hooker gives the mother a new GPS collar and pulls a hair sample using pliers.
It will join roughly 3,500 others samples taken last year using wire snares. The DNA from the hair is being analyzed, and Josh will use the information to more accurately estimate how many bears there are. He’s rushing to provide results to DNR in early summer, hoping it will help game managers set better bear hunting rules.
But the DNR isn’t waiting. It’s poised to set bear hunting regulations for the next two years, said John Bowers, chief of game management. Bowers said he expects the only change to be shifting the hunting date to later in the fall.
By then, females may be less active, making them less likely targets.
Back at the bear den, each bear is injected with an electronic ID tag beneath its skin, like the ones used for pets.
Later that day, the researchers go on to visit two other dens. At one, the mother bear runs off. After seeing a sickly female cub, the students leave to return another day. At the final den, they find a male cub that weighs only 1.5 pounds, the smallest Hooker has ever seen so late in the winter.
After a visit to all the dens, Casey’s research will continue. She’ll track when the bears leave the den in the spring, and she’ll follow the families, which stay together about 18 months. The plan is to repeat the research next year.
About the Author
