Don’t throw those veggie scraps out; cook them instead

When it comes to wasted food, the amount is mounting. Each year, Americans waste some 40 percent of all edible food, according to the National Resources Defense Council, a New York City-based environmental watchdog agency. Contributing food waste factors include unharvested fields, quality and appearance standards, mishandling and improper storage, the council says.

Add to that not knowing how to prepare whole vegetables. Using an entire vegetable can yield more value and variation. Not only are stalks, stems and leaves tasty, but some have entirely different flavors than their bulbous base or floret.

Broccoli stalks have a sweeter taste compared with their florets. Feathery carrot tops taste like herbs and can be used as such. And beet greens mellow when sautéed and can add a peppery flavor when added raw to salads.

Mark Nowak, owner of Seeley Farm in Ann Arbor, Mich., estimates that only half the people who buy vegetables from his stand at the Ann Arbor Farmers Market know they can use the whole plant. “Radishes, their flavor, can get spiky, and beet greens can get coarse,” Nowak says. “Anything younger is more edible and a lot of times more nutritious.”

Savvy shoppers like Nathalie Lambrecht, 23, and Elliot Jackson, 24, both of Ann Arbor are among those in the know. They love beets, including the leafy green tops. Recently, at the Ann Arbor Farmers Market, they were buying golden beets, a favorite that they usually steam or roast.

“We eat (the green tops) raw in salads or sauté them with olive oil and spices,” Lambrecht says.

Not being wasteful, the two reap as much as they can from the whole plant.

“We cut a thin slice off the top and sprout more greens,” Jackson says. “We’ve even roasted the beet greens in the oven — they are more like chips.”

When it comes to vegetables, Sally Brandtneris, 57, of Ann Arbor believes how people eat is coming full circle. In the past, she says, “you had to use everything.”

Brandtneris cooks a lot of cauliflower and broccoli and has found recipes for using the stalks.

“We use beet tops and lots of chopped herbs in salads and the green parts of young garlic,” she says. “What I don’t use, I usually compost.”

When it comes to fresh herbs and fennel fronds, Brandtneris goes a step further.

“I use in them in flower displays,” she says. “They look pretty in the kitchen.”

Roasted Carrots with Burrata Cheese and Carrot Top Pesto

Serves: 4 to 6

Preparation time: 20 minutes

Total time: 1 hour

If you can’t find small carrots, use larger ones and cut them in half lengthwise.

Carrot top pesto:

4 cups lightly packed washed carrot tops, stems discarded and roughly chopped, a small handful reserved

1/3 cup packed basil leaves

1/2 cup walnuts, toasted

2 to 3 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese

1 to 2 medium garlic cloves, peeled, halved lengthwise

1 tsp. Maldon or other flaky sea salt

1/2 cup extra-virgin olive oil

Carrots:

20 small carrots, scrubbed and tops trimmed but stems left on

2 Tbsp. olive oil, plus extra for drizzling

1 tsp. plus a few pinches flaky salt

1/2 lb. burrata, drained and at room temperature

3 Tbsp. carrot top pesto, plus more to taste

Small handful basil leaves

Half a lemon

Bread, for serving (optional)

To make the pesto: In a food processor, combine the carrot tops and basil. Pulse a few times, then add the nuts, cheese, garlic and salt. Pulse again, and then with the machine continuously running, add the oil in a thin stream. (You’ll have to stop to scrape down the sides a few times.) Taste and adjust for seasoning. Transfer to a bowl, cover with plastic wrap until ready to use.

Make the carrots: Preheat the oven to 425 degrees with a rack in the center. Pour 2 tablespoons of the oil into an ovenproof pan large enough to hold the carrots in a single layer (or do this step in two pans). Let the oil come to barely smoking over high heat, then add the carrots and stir to coat them in the oil. Sprinkle with 1 teaspoon of salt. Cook, turning occasionally, until the carrots are browning in spots — about 6 to 8 minutes, but not yet cooked through. Once they’re nicely browned in spots, place the whole pan in the hot oven and roast, stirring occasionally, until carrots are tender and cooked through, about 8 to 12 minutes. Remove from oven and let cool slightly.

Toss the cooked carrots very gently, as they’ll be soft, with the prepared pesto, using more or less based on your taste. Transfer the coated carrots to a platter, and top with the burrata. (You may want to halve or quarter your burrata, depending on its size, but that part is up to you.) Add a few more dollops of pesto to the carrots, and sprinkle each piece of burrata with a bit of flaky salt. Dress the reserved handful of carrot top sprigs with a squeeze of lemon, a drizzle of olive oil and a small pinch of salt, then top the carrots and burrata with the greens. Serve with toast for mopping up the cheese and bread, if you like.

Adapted from “A Girl and Her Greens” by April Bloomfield (Ecco, $34.99). Tested by Susan Selasky for the Free Press Test Kitchen. Nutrition information not available.

Mixed Greens and Leaves salad

Serves: 6

Preparation time: 15 minutes

Total time: 20 minutes

This is the salad to make when you have a bunch of radish and beet tops or any other greens and any other vegetables you need to use up.

Leafy green tops from 2 bunches of radishes, well rinsed and patted dry

Leafy tops from beet greens, well rinsed and patted dry

Celery leaves from the inner ribs

Fresh herb leaves of choice (parsley, tarragon, carrot tops)

6 radishes, cut in half, thinly sliced

3 asparagus spears, thinly sliced

1 cup grape tomatoes, halved

Salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste

Favorite vinaigrette

Crusty baguette

In a large bowl combine all the ingredients, sprinkle with salt and pepper and toss lightly. Drizzle a small amount of the vinaigrette around the sides of the bowl and toss the salad again working from the sides to the center. You want to just coat the leaves with vinaigrette, not drench them. Serve as a side salad with a crusty baguette.

From and tested by Susan Selasky for the Detroit Free Press Test Kitchen. Nutrition information not available.

Beet Greens with Pine Nuts and Garlic

Serves: 4

Preparation time: 15 minutes

Total time: 35 minutes

2 Tbsp. olive oil

3 cloves garlic, peeled, chopped or sliced

1/3 cup pine nuts

2 bunches beet greens, torn into pieces, or substitute Swiss chard (rainbow chard, if available), rinsed well

1/4 cup water

Salt and pepper to taste

Dash lemon juice

In a large sauté pan, heat the oil over medium high heat. Add garlic. and cook until it just begins to lightly color. Add pine nuts, and sauté until golden brown. Remove garlic and pine nuts, and set aside.

If using, trim stems from Swiss chard, and cut into 1-inch pieces; chop the leaves. Add chard stems or beet greens to pan with water, and simmer until water has evaporated.

Season lightly and toss to wilt.

Add back garlic and pine nuts, and sprinkle with lemon juice. Adjust seasoning and serve.

Adapted from several recipes. Tested by Susan Selasky for the Free Press Test Kitchen. Nutrition information not available.

Broccoli Stalk Stir-Fry with Leek Greens and Beef

Serves: 4

Preparation time: 15 minutes

Total time: 45 minutes (plus marinating time)

Peel the stalks of the broccoli using a vegetable peeler. It makes the broccoli cook faster, plus the stalks become tender and easy to chew.

1/2 lb. steak, sliced into thin, 2- to 3-inch pieces

2 Tbsp. soy sauce

1 Tbsp. oyster sauce

2 tsp. cornstarch

1 tsp. sugar

11/2 Tbsp. peanut oil, divided

3 cups broccoli stalks cut into bite-size pieces

1 large leek, white, light green and dark green leaves, sliced

Noodles or white or brown rice for serving

In a small bowl, combine steak, soy sauce, oyster sauce, cornstarch and sugar. Cover, and let marinate for several minutes. If you have time, refrigerate and marinate 4-8 hours.

Heat a large wok over medium-high heat for several minutes. Add 1 tablespoon of peanut oil, and heat for several minutes. Add broccoli, and cook for 1 minute, stirring occasionally. Add leeks, and stir-fry a few more minutes. Season with salt, and cook for 1 minute more. Add 1-2 tablespoons of water to create a steaming effect. Cook for 2-3 minutes more, until water is absorbed and broccoli is bright green and tender. Remove from heat, and pour broccoli and leek mixture into a large serving dish. Set aside.

Return wok to stove. Add 1/2 tablespoon of peanut oil, and heat for several minutes. Add marinated steak, and cook, stirring occasionally, until steak is brown and no pink remains on the outside. For a well-done steak, cook for about 3-4 minutes. Remove from heat, and pour steak and sauce over broccoli.

Serve immediately over noodles or rice.

Adapted from several recipes. Tested by Susan Selasky for the Free Press Test Kitchen.

Nutrition information not available.

Pickled Chard Stems

Makes: 8 servings

Preparation time: 15 minutes

Total time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Chard stems:

1 lb. chard stems (from about 4 bunches), cut into 4-inch pieces

1 shallot, thinly sliced

1/4 cup kosher salt

2 Tbsp. brown mustard seeds

1 Tbsp. caraway seeds

Brine:

1 cup unseasoned rice vinegar

1/2 cup sugar

For chard stems and seasoning: Toss chard stems, shallot and salt in a colander set in the sink. Let stand 1 hour. Rinse, and drain well. Pack into jars.

Meanwhile, toast mustard and caraway seeds in a small skillet over medium heat, stirring often, until mustard seeds begin to pop, about 2 minutes. Let seeds cool.

For brine: Bring vinegar, sugar and 1 cup water to a boil in a small saucepan; let cool slightly. Pour brine into jars. Let cool slightly, then cover and chill.

Cook’s note: Pickles can be made 2 weeks ahead. Keep chilled.

Adapted from www.epicurious.com. Tested by Susan Selasky for the Free Press Test Kitchen. Nutrition information not available.

Make the most of it

Here are some ways to get the most out of veggies and herbs.

Broccoli stalks

• Cut into thin coins, place on a sided baking sheet and toss with some olive oil, salt, pepper and crushed red pepper flakes. Roast at 400 degrees until edges are brown and crispy, about 20 minutes.

Carrot tops

• Stir chopped tops into soups before serving or add to salads. Add coarsely chopped carrot tops to sauted greens or other vegetables during the last 2 minutes of cooking.

Fennel fronds and stalks

• Finely chop celery-like fennel stalks and saute in olive oil and garlic, until stalks are tender, about 5 minutes. Add chopped fronds before serving as a side dish.

Cilantro or parlsey stems

• In a large saucepan, combine 1/2 cup chopped fresh cilantro stems with 2 tablespoons salt, 1 teaspoon black peppercorns, 2 garlic cloves (peeled and crushed) and 1 small white onion (peeled and cut in half) and add about 8 cups water. Bring to a boil. Add four boneless chicken breast halves, reduce heat to a simmer and cook uncovered for 20 minutes until chicken is cooked through and tender. Remove the saucepan from the heat and let chicken cool in mixture. When cool, remove the chicken and shred it for another use.

Leafy green tops of radish and beets

• Wash green tops thoroughly in big bowl or clean sink of cool water. Swish them around to remove any dirt. Heat about 2 tablespoons olive oil and crushed garlic over medium heat and saute tops until tender, about 5 minutes. Season with salt and pepper and serve as a side dish.

Stock

• Keep a plastic bag in the freezer to add vegetable scraps or unused pieces (broccoli stalks, onion pieces, asparagus ends, carrots, celery ribs and leaves) to make stock.