Reliance on the death penalty in the U.S. continues to decline, with 39 people executed this year, only the second time in 19 years that fewer than 40 people were put to death, a private group reported Thursday.
The Death Penalty Information Center, a nonprofit organization that opposes executions and tracks the issue, also said the number of new death sentences was near its lowest level since capital punishment was reinstated in the 1970s. There have been 80 new death sentences so far this year, three more than in 2012 and down from 315 in 1996, the group said.
The 39 executions were carried out in nine states. Texas had the most, 16, followed by Florida, which had seven. Oklahoma had six; Ohio three; Arizona and Missouri two each; and Alabama, Georgia and Virginia, one each.
Texas, the leader in executions, illustrates the downward trend. It recorded 48 death sentences in 1999. This year, it was nine, marking the sixth year in a row that Texas had less than 10 death sentences.
Maryland abolished the death penalty this year, the 18th state to do so and the sixth in the past six years.
“I think the decline begins with the revelations about mistakes in capital cases — that innocent people could get the penalty and almost be executed has shocked the public to the point where death sentences are harder to obtain,” said Richard Dieter, executive director of the center.
“There’s a healthy skepticism about imposing a death sentence knowing that new information is almost certain to arise 10 or more years later,” Dieter added. “Prosecutors are seeking the death penalty less, juries are imposing it less and ultimately executions are occurring less frequently.”
New Hampshire, Delaware, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado are likely to debate repealing the death penalty in 2014, he said.
One explanation for the relatively low level of executions is that many drugs used in lethal injections are manufactured in Europe, where some governments opposing capital punishment have banned exporting drugs for executions.
This created drug shortages that caused execution delays and uncertainty. Missouri, Texas, Georgia and Ohio turned to compounding pharmacies to recreate single doses of execution drugs because their existing supplies expired last year.
Leading up to Maryland’s decision to abolish capital punishment was the discovery that authorities had convicted and sentenced to death the wrong man in the assault and murder of a 9-year-old girl in Baltimore County. DNA testing not only excluded Kirk Bloodsworth as the killer but identified the actual perpetrator, who is now in prison. Bloodsworth was with the Maryland governor when the measure abolishing the state’s death penalty was signed into law. Bloodsworth was the first man exonerated from death row by DNA evidence.
In April of this year, the number of people on death row declined to 3,108 inmates, compared with 3,170 at the same time last year. The death row population has decreased each year since 2001. In 2000, 3,670 inmates were awaiting execution.
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