Most patients with glioblastoma, the same brain cancer Sen. John McCain has, begin their medical treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. Many times, however, the cancer returns.

What are patients’ options after all known treatments have failed? The answer could be in one of dozens of clinical trials throughout the country looking for new ways to fight cancer.

Immunotherapy, vaccines, medications and a combination of these treatments are being studied.

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Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D. (center) is flanked by GOP whip Sen. John Barrasso, R-Wyo. (left) and Finance Committee Chairman Mike Crapo, R-Idaho, as Thune speak to reporters at the Capitol in Washington on Tuesday, July 1, 2025. Earlier Tuesday, the Senate passed the budget reconciliation package of President Donald Trump's signature bill of big tax breaks and spending cuts. (J. Scott Applewhite/AP)

Credit: AP