There’s no question that manufacturing employment in the United States has fallen in recent decades. But did a Republican congressman from West Virginia get it right when he cited a statistic on that point?
U.S. Rep. Alex Mooney was broadly accurate when looking at raw employment totals. But the point does not hold up when you factor in population growth — a more telling statistic. (Mooney’s staff did not respond to inquiries for this article.)
First, let’s look at the raw numbers.
The number of U.S. manufacturing employees bounced around in a fairly narrow range between 1970 and 2000, before plunging between 2000 and 2010. (Left out by Mooney: National manufacturing employment has risen modestly but consistently since 2010.)
So that’s in line with what Mooney wrote.
But if you adjust for the surge in U.S. population between 1970 and today, the pattern looks different.
Rather than “holding steady for 30 years,” the percentage of Americans working in manufacturing actually fell consistently between 1970 and 2000. The rate of decline accelerated a bit between 2000 and 2010, but not by much. And the percentage of Americans working in manufacturing has stabilized, and actually increased slightly, since 2010.
Gary Burtless, a Brookings Institution economist, agreed that the pattern depends heavily on which measure you use.
“Measured as a percentage of total employment, manufacturing employment has been falling pretty steadily since World War II,” he said. “The growth in manufacturing labor productivity, the growth of imported manufactured products as a share of the manufactured goods we consume, and the shift in consumers’ taste away from manufactured goods toward services — especially health care services — has meant that we do not need as many U.S. manufacturing employees to produce all the manufactured goods we consume in a given year.”
Our ruling
Mooney’s statistic is accurate in raw numbers. The one caveat is if you measure manufacturing employment as a percentage of the population — which accounts for significant population growth over that period — you can see a steady decline going back decades. Manufacturing’s footprint in the labor market shrank consistently, and by more than half, during the period he cited.
We rate the statement Mostly True.
“From 2000-10, U.S. manufacturing employment shrank by a third after holding steady for 30 years.”
— U.S. Rep. Alex Mooney, R-W.Va., in a Wall Street Journal op-ed March 25
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