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The number of
is rising rapidly, according to a study of more than 840,000 California children. While the research findings echo those of nationwide studies, the new study is stronger than some other studies, says researcher Darios Getahun, MD, PhD, a scientist at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, a large health plan. "We relied on the clinical diagnosis of
[by doctors] and medication prescriptions rather than teacher or parent report," he says. From 2001 to 2010, the rate of new cases of doctor-diagnosed ADHD rose from 2.5% to 3.1%, an increase of 24%. "It's an increase that warrants attention," he says. Growing awareness of the condition is one reason for the rise, he speculates. The study is published online in
JAMA Pediatrics.
ADHD is one of the most common childhood neurobehavioral disorders, according to the CDC. Children with ADHD have trouble paying attention or act impulsively, or both. While the American Psychiatric Association estimates that 3% to 7% of school-aged children have ADHD, other studies have found higher rates.
The Kaiser researchers looked at the health records of 842,830 children in the health plan. They ranged from 5 to 11 years old. Of those, nearly 5%, or 39,200, had an
. When they looked at the rates of a new diagnosis, they found the 24% rise, from 2.5% in 2001 to 3.1% in 2010. White and African-American children were both more likely to be diagnosed than were Hispanics or Asian-Pacific Islanders. Typically, more boys than girls are diagnosed with ADHD. In the new study, they found an overall boy-to-girl ratio of 3 to 1, similar to other research. However, they also found a 90% rise in ADHD in African-American girls. Growing awareness and cultural norms may help explain the findings, Getahun says. He says parents, teachers, and doctors are all more aware of the condition. As for Asian children being less likely to have a diagnosis, Getahun says that could be partly due to the reluctance of some Asian parents to seek out
care.
One strength of the new study is the large number of children, says Craig Garfield, MD, a pediatrician at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. He has also studied the rise in ADHD. "What I would advise parents is that if they notice their child suffering in school or in a situation where they have trouble with attention, to discuss this with their doctor," he says. The doctor can ask more pointed questions and get input from teachers, he says. Parents should take away from the study the need to be alert to possible
, says Roberto Tuchman, MD, director of the
and neurodevelopmental program at Miami Children's Hospital Dan Marino Center. "Parents need to be aware that ADHD is a disorder that can interfere with the development of a child's educational potential," he says. However, if identified early, treatments can help, he says. These include medications and educational and behavioral treatments. "The other side of it is that ADHD can be overdiagnosed as people become more and more aware," he says. Parents also need to know that ADHD often is accompanied by other problems, Tuchman says, such as learning disabilities. For those reasons, Tuchman says, a parent who hears a diagnosis of ADHD needs to ask the doctor:
- Are you sure this is ADHD?
- Does my child also have a learning disability or other problem?
SOURCES:Getahun, D. JAMA Pediatrics, published online Jan. 21, 2013.Darios Getahun, MD, PhD, scientist, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena.Roberto Tuchman, MD, director, Director, Autism and Neurodevelopment Program, Miami Children's Hospital Dan Marino Center.Craig Garfield, MD, pediatrician, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. © 2013 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.
