The time to enjoy Southern peas is finally upon us. Every summer brings forth a plethora of pods filled to the hilt with tiny spheres of different colors.
Here is your guide to this iconic Southern vegetable: how to cook them and save some for winter.
Four main types: The realm of Southern peas is divided into four major groups: black-eyed peas, creamer peas, field peas and crowder peas. There are hundreds of varieties of legumes that fall within these categories — too many to mention here. However, among them are: purple hulls, Emily Lees, white acres, pink-eyed, zippers, Dixie Lees, yellow-eyed, colossus, Sea Island red peas and (my favorite because I love to say their name) Whippoorwills. Their shapes vary, as does their color; some are speckled, and others have different colors variegated throughout. Some are perfectly round, others are tapered (a sign that they've been crowded together within the pods) and yet others are kidney-shaped, like beans. Lima beans are indeed beans, native to Peru (hence their name); they belong to the Phaseolus Lunatus family. Butter beans are a subspecies of lima beans and belong to the Sieva family, first domesticated in Central America. In the American South, butter beans are also considered part of the "crowder" family, which is why some people align butter beans with peas.
Harvest time: Field peas make their appearance in late spring; they continue to grow through the summer and into early fall. First to arrive to markets are tiny, cream-colored six-week peas that are delicate and sweet in flavor. Soon after, beautiful, green butter beans (or baby lima beans, as they're also called in the South) are ready for harvest. Young pods (called snaps) can be enjoyed raw in salads or lightly cooked and buttered. Peas can be harvested when they are fresh or after their pods (and seeds) have dried. Shelling peas is a family tradition for many, but it's hard to find the time needed to shell them in bulk.
How to cook: Cooking fresh peas is very easy: cover them with water by a couple of inches. You can add seasoning in the form of smoked pork (or turkey wings). Bring the water to a boil, lower the heat and simmer until tender — about 35 minutes. Once cooked, the peas can be eaten all on their own or combined with other ingredients to produce other dishes, such as the famous Hoppin' John. One of the simplest recipes to make combines tomatoes, corn and peas with a light vinaigrette; the resulting salad is a refreshing ode to summer. The residual liquid from cooked peas is called "pot likker" or "pot liquor," and it's delicious on its own or when served with crumbled cornbread.
How to freeze: The best way to preserve peas is to shell them and freeze them. Some folks simply freeze them after they're shelled, but I was taught to blanch them first. This is how I do it: First, rinse the peas well in cold water to remove dirt or debris. Bring a large pot of water to a rolling boil. Fill a large bowl with cold water and a generous amount of ice. Add the peas to the boiling water; cook them two to three minutes and immediately remove the peas with a sieve or a small strainer and add them to a bowl of iced water to stop the cooking process. Once cool, drain them well. Dry the peas well between kitchen towels and divide them into small freezer-safe bags; freeze them for up to six months. There is no need to thaw peas before cooking them (simply add five to 10 minutes to the cooking time).
Butter Bean, Corn and Tomato Salad
From “Beans & Field Peas,” by Sandra Gutierrez (UNC Press, 2015)
2 cups butter beans (about 1/2 pound)
2 cups corn kernels
2 cups seeded, chopped plum tomatoes
2 Tbsp. apple cider vinegar, or to taste
1 tsp. salt, or to taste
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
1/4 cup corn or vegetable oil
Place the beans in a pot and cover with water by 2 inches. Bring to a boil and cook for 5 minutes, skimming off the foam that rises to the top; cover, reduce the heat, and simmer for 35-40 minutes or until tender.
Meanwhile, fill a bowl with iced water. When the beans have finished cooking, drain and immerse them in the ice batch until cool. Drain the peas and transfer them to a large bowl; add the corn and tomatoes.
In a small bowl, whisk together the vinegar, salt and pepper. Whisk in the oil and pour the dressing over the salad; stir until combined.
Yield: 4-6 servings
Butterbean Risotto
From “Beans & Field Peas,” by Sandra Gutierrez (UNC Press, 2015)
2 Tbsp. unsalted butter
1 Tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil
1/2 cup finely chopped Vidalia onion
1-1/2 cups Arborio rice
1/2 cup white wine
6 cups hot chicken or vegetable broth
1/2 lb. cooked and drained butter beans
1 cup grated Parmigiano-Reggiano or Parmesan cheese
1 tsp. salt, or to taste
1/4 tsp. white pepper, or to taste
Combine the butter and the oil in a medium pot and heat over medium-high heat until the butter is melted. Add the onion and cook, stirring, until translucent, about 1-2 minutes.
Add the rice, and cook, stirring, until it’s well coated with the oil and butter and the grains turn opaque, about 30 seconds. Add the wine and stir vigorously until it evaporates, about 30 seconds. Reduce the heat to medium, add 1/2 cup of the broth, and stir constantly until it’s been absorbed completely, about 30 seconds. Add another 1/2 cup of broth and continue stirring until all of the liquid has been absorbed, about 30 seconds. Continue adding the broth in 1/2-cup increments, stirring constantly, adding more broth (only when the previous addition has been absorbed by the rice). When you have only 1 cup of broth left, add it all at once and stir.
Add the butter beans and stir until the rice is al dente and creamy (not soupy but still a bit wet). Stir in the cheese, salt, and pepper, and serve immediately. Note: If the heat is too high, the rice will absorb the liquid too quickly but will remain raw inside. The whole process should take about 18-20 minutes from start to finish.
Yield: 6 servings
Speckled Butter Bean Ceviche with Grilled Shrimp
Ají amarillo peppers are found pickled, in jars or cans, in most Latin American stores. If you can’t find them, use fresh jalapeños instead. For a vegetarian option, simply omit the shrimp. From “Beans & Field Peas,” by Sandra Gutierrez (UNC Press, 2015)
For the ceviche:
1/2 lb. speckled butter beans, cooked, drained, and chilled
1/2 cup fresh lemon juice
1/2 cup chopped Vidalia onion
1/4 cup chopped cilantro (leaves and tender stems)
3 ají amarillo peppers, peeled, seeded, deveined, and chopped
1 tsp. salt, or to taste
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper, or to taste
For shrimp:
24 shrimp (16–21 count)
1/4 tsp. garlic powder
1/4 tsp. ground cumin
1/4 tsp. salt
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
4 large metal or bamboo skewers
To make the ceviche, in a medium bowl, combine the beans, lemon juice, onion, cilantro, ajíes, salt and pepper; mix well and chill for at least 2 hours (up to overnight), stirring occasionally.
To prepare the shrimp, peel and devein them, leaving the tails intact. Place 6 shrimp on each skewer. In a small bowl, combine the garlic powder, cumin, salt and pepper; sprinkle the mixture over the shrimp, making sure to coat them well. Heat an outdoor grill or indoor grill pan until very hot. Grill the shrimp for 3 minutes on the first side or until they’ve turned opaque; turn and grill for 3-4 more minutes or until cooked through. Transfer the bean ceviche to a large platter and top with the shrimp skewers.
Yield: 4 servings
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