What is extensively drug-resistant TB?

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) is a relatively rare type of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). It is resistant to almost all drugs used to treat TB. In the United States, 49 cases of XDR TB have been reported between 1993 and 2006.

How is XDR TB spread?

TB germs are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks or sings. These germs can float in the air for several hours, depending on the environment. People who breathe in the air containing these TB germs can become infected.

Why is XDR TB so serious?

Because XDR TB is resistant to the most powerful first-line and second-line drugs, patients are left with treatment options that are much less effective and often have worse treatment outcomes. XDR TB is of special concern for people with HIV infection or other conditions that can weaken the immune system.

Can XDR TB be treated and cured?

Yes, in some cases. Several countries with good TB control programs have shown that a cure is possible for up to 30 percent of affected people. But successful treatment depends on the extent of the drug resistance, the severity of the disease and whether the patient's immune system is compromised.

What are the symptoms?

The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs may also include coughing, chest pain and coughing up blood.

Is it safe to travel where cases of XDR TB have been reported?

Although cases are occurring globally, they are still rare. HIV-infected travelers are at greatest risk if they come in contact with an infected person. Air travel itself carries a relatively low risk of infection with TB of any kind.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization