Antihistamines: Work by blocking a chemical called histamine that's released when pollen attaches to "mast cells" in the lining of the nose. When histamine binds to nasal tissues, swelling and itching result.
Decongestants: Work by narrowing dilated blood vessels in the nasal lining, reducing swelling and mucus production.
Nasal sprays: Salt-water solutions work by loosening mucus and preventing crusting.
Nasalcrom: Nose spray containing cromolyn sodium also works by preventing release of histamine. Children as young as 6 can use a new version because it does not contain steroids, caffeine or cause drowsiness. Must be used between four to six times daily and begun one week before ragweed begins pollinating.
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Nasal steroid inhalants: Flonase, Nasonex, Nasacort, Rhinocort, Nasarel, Vancenase and Beconase are the most common steroid inhalants. They can be used throughout the ragweed season but tend to be most effective when begun three to seven days before symptoms erupt. They work by decreasing swelling in the nose and reducing mucus production; the drugs generally take one week to reach full effectiveness.
Antihistamines: Popular prescription antihistamines include Clarinex, Allegra, and Zyrtec. Like over-the-counter antihistamines, they work by blocking the effects of histamines to reduce itching, sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes. Side effects include dizziness, dryness in the mouth, nose and throat. In some people, can cause appetite loss, eye irritation and change in vision.
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